Automatic valved hammer.



No. [,235. M lPatented May 27, |902.

n. s. wAuGH. AUTOMATIC VALVED HAMMER.

(Application led Nov. 30, 1900.) (No Modl.)

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I ll I Im v U'Nrrno SrrfrnsV PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL SHAW' WAUGH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

AUTOMATIC VALVED HAMMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part ot' Letters Patent N o. 701,235, dated May 27, 1902.

Application tiled November 30, 1900. Serial No. 38,201. (No model.) i d T0 all 107mm/ it 77ML?! concern:

Be it known that LDANIEL SHAW WAUGH, a citizen of the United States,.residing at Chicago, in the county oftOook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and usefulAutomatic Valved Hammer, ofwhichV the following is a specification. A

This invention relates toa novel automatic hammer comprehendinga shell or casing, a reciprocatory hammer therein, and automatically-operated valve mechanism'regula'ting the supply of a iuid motive agent-such as compressed air, gas, or the like-to the opposite ends of the casing or shell to effect the reciprocation of the hammer.`

The object of the invention is to produce a long-stroke valved hammer having a piston or hammer proper of light weight and capable of attaining great velocity on its downstroke with comparatively little vibration of the device as a whole. These ends are attained by the construction to be hereinafterfdescribed, embodying a comparatively long shell fitted at one end with a tool-holder, a small comparatively light hammer disposed Within the shell, means whereby the effective pressure of the motive agent is exerted upon a reduced area of the piston during the initial portion of its downstroke, which area is increased during the downward movement of the hammer, means for relieving the compression 0pposed to the piston during the nal portion of its return movement, a novel arrangement of valve mechanism facilitating the automatic control of the motive fluid, and a novel form and arrangement of the initial Valve and its trigger to enable the operator to regulate with great nicety the amount of fluid admitted to the device, and consequently the force exerted by the hammer upon the tool.

The invention further consists in certain features of construction and arrangement to be more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and defined in the claims. Y

In said drawings, Figure lis a longitudinal section through the device complete, certain of the parts-as, for instance, the handle and tool-holder-being shown in elevation and the hammer being located at the lower or outer limit of its effective stroke. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the hammer at or adjacent to the opposite end of its movement and the several valves shifted totheir opposite positions. Fig. 3 isa sectional elevation of the upper end of the instrument, illustratingthe arrangement of one' ofthe iuid passages or ports. t

Referring to the numeralsemployed to designate like parts throughoutthe several views, 1 indicates the shell or casing,which is preferably of cylindrical form and has its upper end closed bythe head 2 and fitted in its opposite end with a tapering steel bushing 3, surrounding the shank e of theltool-holder 5, designed for the reception of a suitable tool, which isV to be` operated by successive blows from a piston or hammer 6, disposed to reciprocate Within the shell. The head 2 is provided with Aa cushioning-plug 7, extending into the upper end of the shell 1 for reception within the compression-chamber 8 of the hammer 6 for a purpose to be described. This head may be secured to the shell in a variety of ways; but I prefer to effect its attachment by means of asurrounding and surmounting cap 9, carrying the handle 10 and having an externally-threaded flange 11, engaged `by a split ring or colla-r 12, internally threaded for engagement with the iiange 11 of the cap and designed to be drawn up by means of a bolt under an external fiange lat the upper end of the casing in order to preclude the possibili-ty of the accidental displacement of the cap and head from the shell. At a point above the upper end'of the shell 1 the head 2 is provided withV a transversely-disposed valve chest or cylinder 16, communicating with the interior ofthe shell at opposite ends thereof through principal ports 17 and 1S. The port 17 passes longitudinally through the cushioning-plug 7 and opens into the shell at the lower end of said plug, while the other principal port 18 is disposed longitudinally within the wall of the shell and communicates with the interior of the latter at its extreme lower end, said port by reason'of its lateral position with respect to the axis of the shell or casing being provided at its upper end with a lateral extension 19, formed in the head 2 and communicating with the interior of the valve chest or cylinder directly below At its loweredge'the collar 12 is formed with an internal annular {iange 14, taking ICO the axis thereof, butv at a point removed from `the port 17, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The cap 9 is provided above the head with a supply-chamber and around said head, adJacent to its upper edge, with an exhaustl chamber 21, the latter discharging through an exhaust-port 22, piercing the wall of the cap. The supply-chamber 2O communicates with the interior of the valve-chest 16, at the center of the latter, through a supply-'port 23 and is also in communication with what may be termed an initial supply-port 24, formed in the cap and having its disalined end portions bisected by an intermediate valve-chamber 25, within which is disposed the initial valve 26, arranged to seat upon a tapering valve-seat 27 and provided with an 'ling the port 23.

extended stem 28. The extremity of the valvestem 28 extends beyond the face of the cap into effective proximity to the short end of a valve lever or trigger- 29, pivoted between a pair rvof ears 30 upon the cap and provided 'with a handle or finger piece 31, disposed adjacent to the lower end of the shankI 32 of the handle 10 in order that the workman,

holding the device by the handle 10, may insert the forelinger of the hand thus employed in the ring 31 for the purpose of controlling with great nicety the admission of motive uid by the manipulation of the valve. At opposite sides of the port 23 the wall of the valve-chest 16 is pierced by exhaust-ports 21 and 21", which are extended through the head to'communicate with the exhaust-chamber 21,

discharging, as already stated, through the exhaust-port 22.

We have now seen that the interior of the valve-chest 16 is in communication with the provided with terminal valve-heads 21c and 21, controlling the exhaust-ports 21a and 21", and an intermediate valve-head 23a, control- The intermediate or centrai valve-head 23 of the piston-valve is of somewhat greater diameter than the terminal heads and is received within a central enlargement 35 of the valve-chest, the ends of this enlargement being disposed at or about the axes of the principal ports, so that as the piston-valve is shifted to one end or the other of the valve-chest these principal-ports will be fin communication either with the supply-port 23 or with one of the exhaust-ports.

Thus if the piston-valve is in the position shown 1nl 1 and the initial valve 26 is opened the motive fluid will be admitted to the supply-chamber 2O and thence through the port casing above the hammer is exhausted and live fluid is admittedto theinterior of the casing below the hammer the latter will ascend to its initial position. In order to do this, however, the piston-valve 31 must be shifted to the position indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, rs't, to permit the fluid above the hammer to exhaust through the port 21b and, second, to establish'communication be` tween the principal port 18 and the supplyport 23. Consequently some means for effecting the automatic shiftingof the valve must be provided. In the present device this means for shifting the valve comprehends a pair of auxiliary ports 36 and 37, extending longitudinally within the wall of the casing and extended farther to communicate with the interior ot' the Valve-chest at the opposite ends thereof, so that as air or other expansible 'fluidi is admitted to the chest through one or Athe other of the auxiliary ports the piston-valve will be shifted to one or the other of its two positions.4 The port 36 opens into the shell immediately'above the hammer in the lower or o uter position of the latter, as shown in Fig. 1, and the port 37 communicates with the interiorof the shell just below the hammer when the latter is at the opposite end of its stroke, as shown in Fig. 2. Thus it will appear that as the hammer descends under the impulse of the iiuid agent admitted through the port 17 it will finally uncover the auxiliary port 26 to per- ICO mit the escape of the motive iiuid' through said port 36 to shift the valve to the position indicated in Fig. 2. of the drawings, thereby establishing communication between the port 17 and the exhaust-port 21b and also placing the port 18 in communication with the supply to admit the motive agent below the hammer for the purpose of effecting its return.

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It is evident, however, that the hammer in descending would firstuncover the port 37,'and therefore provision must be made for closing said port automatically and for maintaining such closure until the hammer has reached Valves 36fL and 37a, preferably of cylindrical form, as shown, and disposed within valvechambers 36b and 37", the former of which is in communication with the extension 19 of v the port 18 and the latter in similar communication with the port 17. Theeffect of this arrangement will be to cause either of these i around the plug and above the hammer is cut auxiliary valves to be closed against the rel off from communication with the exhaust,

sistauce of its spring whenever the principal port with which the valve is associated is being utilized for the admission of the motive iiuid or agent to the interior of the shell. This will be readily apparent when we consider the arrangement of the parts as shown in Fig. I. In this `figure the motive agent is being admitted to the interior of the shell through the principal port 17, and as the auxiliary-valve chamber 37b is in communication with this principal port sufficient pressure will be exerted upon the auxiliary valve 37"L to move it to a position across the auxiliary port 37, ,as shown. Thus the uncovering of the port 37 as the hammer descends will not effect the exhaust of the motive fluid from above the hammer. As soon, however, as the hammer descends sufficiently to uncover the auxiliary port 3G the motive liuid will exhaust through said port, because the valve 3G is open, and will pass to the interior of the valve-chest to shift the valve 34 to the position shown in Fig. 2. This shifting of the piston-valve will direct the motive fluid into the principal port 1S, thus forcing the auxiliary valve 36L to close the auxiliary port 36 and will at the same ltime permit the motive fluid above the hammer to exhaust through the port 2l", thus removing the pressure from behind the auxiliary pressure-valve 37 and permitting said valve to open, as shown in Fig. 2. The motive fluid admitted below the hammer through the upper port IS will now urge the hammer upwardly; but as the port 3C is closed the uncovering thereof by the ascending of the hammer will have no edect, and the piston or controlling valve will not be again shifted until the hammer has uncovered the port 37, at which time the operation just described will be reversed, and the hammer will again descend.

It will now be clear that the pistou or llammer will be driven toward the tool by the application of duid-pressure to a comparatively reduced area of the hammer, this initiallyeffective area being merely that of the bottom of the cavity or chamber 8. This reduction of the effective pressure area is due to the fact that the cushioning-plug 7 extends into the hammer cavity or chamber S, and the motive fluid is admitted to the interior of the cavity through the port I7, thus preventing the exertion of the fluid-pressure upon the annular upper end of the hammer disposed within the space defined between the cushioning-plug and the wall of the shell. This desirable reduction of the effective area of the hammer during the initial portion of its downward or effective stroke is accompanied by a correspondingly disadvantageous compression opposed to the return movement of the hammer as it nears the end of its return stroke, this by reason of the fact that as the hammer moves into engagement with the cushioning-plug the annular space defined and as a consequence the occluded air will be com pressed by the continued upward movement of the hammer and by its compression will exert such resistance to said hammer as will prod uee more or less vibration the elimination of which is one of the primary objects of the invention. In order to relieve this compression or fluid resistance to the return of the piston, I form the shell with what may be termed a relief or by-pass port 3S, disposed longitudinally in the wall of the shell and opening therein immediately below the head 2 and also at such distance below the head as will cause the hammer to uncover the lower end of this port as said hammer moves into engagement with the cushioning-plug. Thus the air which would otherwise be compressed above the hammer escapes through the port 30 to the interior of the shell below the hammer and is exhausted therefrom in thel manner described.

For the purpose of preventing the toolholder 5 from dropping out of the shell when it is not in use I form a pair of annular flanges 5 and 5b upon the holder 5 and dispose between them the beak of a spring-pressed pivoted latch 39, carried at the lower end of the shell, as shown.

Before concluding the description of the device it may be well to state that the enlargement or central head 23 of the valve 34 is calculated to steady the movement of the valve as it is shifted from one position to the other. When this valve is at either end of its stroke, one side face of the central enlargement 23 is subjected to pressure while the space at the opposite side thereof is in communication with one of the exhaust-ports. This pressure upon the central enlargement is overcome by the pressure of air at one end of the valve by reason of the provision of the ports 36 and 37, and if it were not for the enlargement 23a the leak of air aroundthe valve ends would cause it to Hutter, thereby inter- Vferring with the operation of the hammer.

From the foregoing it Will appear that I have produced a simple and ingenious longstroke valved hammer of the automatic type embodying a construction Well adapted for the reduction of the vibration of the instrument and for the attainment of a high velocity and the exertion of great striking force by a hammer of comparatively small size and light weight compared with the length of the stroke; but While the construction and arrangement of parts described and illustrated are thought at this time to be preferable I desire to be distinctly understood as reserving the right to effect such variations or modifications of the described structure as may be properly comprehended within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim isl. In a duid-operated hammer, the combination with a casing, ahammer movable there- IOO rlo

in, means for ei'ecting the supply and exhaust of a motive fluid to and from the casing, and means for reducing the area of the surface of said hammer exposed to the motive fluid at one limit of movement of the hammer, of means formed in the casing for relieving the l compression opposed to the hammer during the final portion of its return movement said means being supplemental to the normal exhaust.

2. In a fluid-operated hammer, the combination with a casing provided with a cushioning-plug extended therein, of a chamber-ed hammer disposed to move within the casing and to receive the cushioning-plug, means for effecting the supply and exhaust of the motive fluid to and from the casing to operate the hammer, and means separate from the normal exhaust for relieving the compression opposed to the return of the hammer.

3. In a fluid-operated hammer, the combination with a casing provided with an inwardly-projecting cushioning-plug,of a chambered hammer mounted for reciprocation within the casing and designed to receive the plug, means for effecting the supply and exhaust of the motive fluid to and from the casingto operate the hammer, and a relief-port piercing the casing at a point above the inner end of the cushioning-plug and also opening into the casing at a point below or beyond the hammer when the latter is engaged with the plug.

4. In a fluid-operated hammer, the combination with a casing provided with principal ports opening in to the opposite ends of the casing, a controllingvalve controlling the supply and exhaust through said principal ports, auxiliary ports opening into the casing and disposed to ad mit fluid to the controllingvalve, and means controlling the passage of fluid through said auxiliary ports, said means being controlled by the fluid-pressures within the principal ports.

5. A fluid-operated hammer comprising a casing, a valve-chest, a pair of principal ports leading from the valve-chest to the interior of the casing, auxiliary ports leading from the casing to the opposite ends of the valve-chest, a' controllingvalve within the valve chest, automatically-operated auxiliary Valves controlling. the-auxiliary ports, and a hammer mounted for reciprocation within the casing.

6. A Huid-operated hammer comprising a casing, a valve-chest, a pair of principal ports, and a pair of auxiliary ports, all of said ports opening into the casing and valve-chest respectively, a controlling valve Within the valve-chest, auxiliary valves controlling the auxiliary ports, means for supplying preschest and valve, a pair of principal ports communicating with the opposite ends of the casing and with a pair of auxiliary ports also communicating with the interior of the casing, all of saidfports being in communication with the valve-chest, a piston-valve within the valve-chest controlling the supply and exhaust of the motive fluid to and from the ports, auxiliary-valve chambers intersecting the auxiliary ports and in communication with the principal ports,spring-pressed valves within said valve-chambers, a hammer mounted for reciprocation within the casing, and means for supplying and exhausting the motive fluid to and from the valve-chest.

8. In a Huid-operated hammer, the combination with a casing, a valve-chest disposed at one end thereof, supply and exhaust chambers disposed upon the exterior of the valvechest and communicating therewith, principal and auxiliary ports communicating with the interior of the casing and with the valvechest, automatically-operated valves controlling the several ports, a hammer mounted for reciprocation within the casing, a supplyport communicating with the supply-chamber, said port being intersected by an initial valve-chamber having a tapering valve-seat,

an initial valve opposed to said seat, a trigger disposed beyond the casing and in operative relation with the initial valve, and a handle connected to the casing and disposed in convenient relation to the trigger.

9. In a Huid-operated hammer, the combination with a casing, a valve-chest disposed at one end thereof, a valve within the valvechest, and a hammer, within the casing, of a head closing the valve-chest and provided with a supply-port intersected by a valvechamber having a tapered seat, a valve opposed t0 the seat and provided with an extended stem, a pivoted trigger mounted upon the head and provided with an operating end disposed at one side of said head, and a handle extended from the head at the side adjacent to the operating end of the trigger and extended over the trigger to protect the same.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

DANIEL SHAW WAUGH.

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